1、嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）1毕业论文开题报告英语论莎剧翻译中隐喻的翻译一、论文选题的背景、意义（所选课题的历史背景、国内外研究现状和发展趋势）隐喻是“一种语义变化的过程，这种过程是从语义角度看是迅猛的，即在两个语义域之间通过某种抽象图式类比的方法，将一个词域（始源语义域）应用到另一个语义域（目标语义域）”。因而，隐喻不再只是一种修辞现象，它贯穿于一切语言之中，且越来越广泛地应用于我们的日常生活中，而中西方各自的隐喻有其特殊的含义，故歧义和误解在所难免，所以十分有必要研究隐喻的翻译。我国已经出版的上百种莎剧译本，每一版本对隐喻的翻译都有其特别侧重的因素。莎剧在中国的读者群起码可以分成四大组无
2、英文基础、借助译本阅读莎剧的一般读者，借助中译本了解外国文学或借助中译本学习英语的学生、评论家，用中文演出莎剧时的编剧，用原文进行学术研究但借助中译本撰写和发表论著的学者。莎剧中有许多隐喻，因而对莎剧中隐喻翻译的研究可以帮助研究其他方面隐喻的研究。汉译莎士比亚成就较大的有朱生豪、曹未风、梁实秋和方平等。他们都为莎剧的翻译做出了巨大贡献。朱生豪自20世纪30年代起，克服了巨大的困难，以毕生精力完成了31部莎剧的翻译；曹未风于1946年出版36卷本莎士比亚全集；梁实秋于1947年出版了40集的莎士比亚全集，在汉译莎剧中自成一体。最近一项重要成就就是方平主编的12卷新莎士比亚全集。但是由于他们有着不
3、同的生活经历，不同的教育背景和社会背景，所以译文的风格也大相径庭。在莎剧翻译中，由于文化差异，对隐喻词理解的不同，及要注重文章的文学性等在翻译隐喻时，译者不能机械地照字面翻译,而应根据语言环境和说话者对事物的态度以及作家所要表达的感情并结合汉语表达习惯来确定翻译对策。本文旨在通过对莎剧各译本隐喻的翻译的对比，探索出更好的翻译方法。二、研究的基本内容与拟解决的主要问题嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）2隐喻越来越广泛地应用于我们的日常生活中，而中西方隐喻有其各自的特色，会产生一些误解，因而在翻译时，译者不能机械地照字面翻译,而应根据语言环境和说话者对事物的态度以及作家所要表达的感情并结合汉语表达习惯
4、来确定翻译对策。本文将通过对莎剧不同译本中隐喻的翻译的比较，找出更好的隐喻翻译策略。英文提纲如下ONTHETRANSLATIONOFMETAPHORINSHAKESPEARESPLAY1INTRODUCTION11DEFINITIONOFMETAPHOR12THECOMPARISONBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORANDENGLISHMETAPHOR2METHODSOFTHETRANSLATIONOFMETAPHOR21LITERALTRANSLATION22LIBERALTRANSLATION221BORROWINGWORDS222REPRODUCINGTHEORIGINALME
5、ANINGWITHOUTKEEPINGTHELANGUAGEFORM23ADDITION231ADDNECESSARYBACKGROUNDINFORMATION232ADDFIGURATIVEWORDS3THEAFFECTINGFACTORSOFMETAPHORSTRANSLATIONSTRATEGY31CULTURALBACKGROUND32LINGUISTICUNDERSTANDING33THEPSYCHOLOGICALDIFFERENCEOFMETAPHOR4CONCLUSION三、研究的方法和技术路线研究的方法本文拟从莎剧的不同译本所关注的不同角度出发，通过对其对比，研究隐喻翻译策略的
6、影响因素，从而更好地翻译隐喻。技术路线通过阅读相关的书籍、报刊、网上相关的资料和期刊等方法来收集有用的资料，对这些资料进行概括、提炼和补充，并结合自己的观点，拟定出该论文。四、论文详细工作进度和安排嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）320101110前确定论文题目和提纲20101125前完成任务书、开题报告、文献综述20110115前完成论文初稿20110325前完成论文二稿五、主要参考文献WILLIAMSHAKESPEAREMACBETHMBEIJINGTHECOMMERCIALPRESS2001WILLIAMSHAKESPEAREKINGLEARMBEIJINGTHECOMMERCIALPRE
7、SS2001WILLIAMSHAKESPEAREROMEOANDJULIETMBEIJINGTHECOMMERCIALPRESS2001WILLIAMSHAKESPEAREHAMELETMBEIJINGTHECOMMERCIALPRESS2001LINGHUIKONGTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESOFENGLISHMETAPHORJREADANDWRITEPERIODICAL2010莎士比亚，四大悲剧M，梁实秋译，北京中国广播电视出版社，2001莎士比亚，哈姆莱特M，朱生豪译，北京中国国际广播出版社，2001陈佳旭，英汉隐喻认知对比研究M，上海学林出版社，2007张光明，认知隐喻翻
8、译研究M，北京国防工业出版社，2010张冲，莎士比亚专题研究M，上海上海外语教育出版社，2004涂和平等，外事翻译理论与实践M，北京国防工业出版社，2008陈安定，英汉修辞与翻译M，北京中国青年出版社，2004孙致礼，新编英汉翻译教程M，上海上海外语教育出版社，2003嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）4毕业论文文献综述英语论莎剧翻译中隐喻的翻译一、前言部分（说明写作的目的，介绍有关概念，扼要说明有关主题争论焦点）隐喻是“一种语义变化的过程，这种过程是从语义角度看是迅猛的，即在两个语义域之间通过某种抽象图式类比的方法，将一个词域（始源语义域）应用到另一个语义域（目标语义域）”。因而，隐喻不再只是一
9、种修辞现象，它贯穿于一切语言之中，且越来越广泛地应用于我们的日常生活中，而中西方各自的隐喻有其特殊的含义，故歧义和误解在所难免，所以十分有必要研究隐喻的翻译。我国已经出版的上百种莎剧译本，每一版本对隐喻的翻译都有其特别侧重的因素。莎剧在中国的读者群起码可以分成四大组无英文基础、借助译本阅读莎剧的一般读者，借助中译本了解外国文学或借助中译本学习英语的学生、评论家，用中文演出莎剧时的编剧，用原文进行学术研究但借助中译本撰写和发表论著的学者。在莎剧翻译中，由于文化差异，对隐喻词理解的不同，及要注重文章的文学性等在翻译隐喻时，译者不能机械地照字面翻译,而应根据语言环境和说话者对事物的态度以及作家所要表
10、达的感情并结合汉语表达习惯来确定翻译对策。NEWMARK指出“隐喻翻译是一切语言翻译的缩影，因为隐喻给译者呈现出多种选择方式要么传递其意义，要么重塑其形象进行完美的结合，林林总总，而一切又与语境因素、文化因素密不可分。”所以本文将从直译、意译、增译等常用翻译策略研究各种莎剧各译本在翻译隐喻时更注重哪些因素，从而力求在今后的翻译中更好地翻译隐喻，找到各种影响隐喻翻译的因素的平衡点。二、主题部分（阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述）我国已经出版的上百种莎剧译本，每一版本对隐喻的翻译都有其特别侧重的因素，本文旨在通过对各版本对隐喻翻译的侧重点研究，来分析出如何更好地翻嘉兴学
11、院本科生毕业论文（设计）5译隐喻。一国外的研究状况NIDA较早提出了隐喻翻译策略，即把隐喻翻译成隐喻；把隐喻转换成明喻；把隐喻译为非隐喻；把非隐喻译成隐喻。但这些方法在概念上过于笼统，因为隐喻翻译涉及各个层面，需深入分析。后来，NIDAMETAPHORSHAKESPEARESPLAYSSTRATEGY嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）10CONTENTABSTRACT1INTRODUCTION111DEFINITIONOFMETAPHOR1112THECOMPARISONBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORS12121THESIMILARITIESBE
12、TWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORS12122THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORS132METHODSOFTHETRANSLATIONOFMETAPHORINSHAKESPEARESPLAYS1421LITERALTRANSLATION1422LIBERALTRANSLATION15221BORROWINGWORDS16222RESTRUCTURING16223ADDITION18224CONVERSION19225CHANGINGPASSIVEVOICEINTOACTIVE
13、VOICE923LITERALANDLIBERALCOMBINEDPARTLYLITERALANDPARTLYLIBERAL203THEAFFECTINGFACTORSINTRANSLATINGMATAPHORSINSHAKESPEARESPLAYS1231CULTURALBACKGROUND2232LINGUISTICUNDERSTANDING2333LITERACY234CONCLUSION24BIBLIOGRAPHY15ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS16嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）111INTRODUCTIONNOWADAYS,CHINAISCOMMUNICATINGWITHTHEW
14、ORLDMOREANDMOREFREQUENTLY,SOTRANSLATION,ASATOOLOFCOMMUNICATINGBETWEENPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCOUNTRIES,ISVERYIMPORTANTACCORDINGTOLAKOFFGTHEANALOGYISCONVEYEDBYTHEUSEOFAMETAPHORICALWORDINPLACEOFSOMEOTHERWORDMETAPHORALSODENOTESRHETORICALFIGURESOFSPEECHTHATACHIEVETHEIREFFECTSVIAASSOCIATION,COMPARISONORRESEMB
15、LANCELAKOFFGITSTANDSALOT,HASIMPRESSIVEEFFECTSANDNEEDSMOREATTENTIONS12THECOMPARISONBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORSASHUMANBEINGSLIVEINTHESAMEWORLD,HAVESIMILAREXPERIENCES,SOTHEREMAYHAVEALOTOFCOINCIDESINMETAPHORSOFDIFFERENTCULTURESATTHEMEANTIME,EACHNATIONHASITSOWNNATURALENVIRONMENT,DIFFERENTC
16、ULTURALBACKGROUNDSANDCUSTOMS,UNDERTHESEDIFFERENCES,THEMETAPHORSMAYHAVEDIFFERENCES,TOOTHECOMPARISONBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEISTHECOREOFTRANSLATION,FORTHATTHETHEORIES,WAYSANDSKILLSOFENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONISBASEDONTHECOMPARISONOFEACHLANGUAGEBECAUSEOFTHESIMILARITIES,WECANTRANSLATECHINESETOENGLISHANDEN
17、GLISHTOCHINESE,ANDBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCES,THEREOCCURSDIFFERENTTRANSLATIONWAYSANDSKILLSWHATSMORETHROUGHTHECOMPARISONBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORS,WEMAYHAVEAMUCHCLEARERANDDEEPERIDEAABOUTMETAPHORSANDTHERESEARCHOFTHEIRTRANSLATION121THESIMILARITIESBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORSTH
18、EYAREBOTHTHESIMILEWITHOUTINDICATORSOFRESEMBLANCE,SUCHAS“LIKE像”ANDSOONTHEYHIDETENORSINVEHICLESINOTHERWORDS,THEYCANBEREGARDEDASCONDENSEDSIMILESINENGLISHSIMILES,WEMAYSAYJIMWASASCUNNINGASAFOXINAMETAPHOR,WEMAYSAY,JIMWASAFOXINCHINESESIMILES,“人生就像一个大舞台”WHILEINCHINESEMETAPHORS,WEMAYUSETHEEXPRESSIONOF“人生的大舞台
19、”FROMTHIS,WECANSEETHATENGLISHMETAPHORSANDCHINESEMETAPHORSCANBOTHBEVIEWEDASCONDENSEDSIMILESANDWHATEVERCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORS,THEYBOTHACHIEVETHEFUNCTIONOFDESCRIBINGTHINGSMORECOLORFULANDBEAUTIFULANDOFILLUSTRATINGTHINGSINAMOREFASCINATINGWAYTHEN“BOTHENGLISHANDCHINESEMETAPHORSHAVETHREEMAINUSE
20、SDESCRIPTIVE,ILLUMINATIVEANDILLUSTRATIVEABOUTDESCRIPTIVE,INENGLISHMETAPHOR,APERFECTFOUNDATIONOFBUBBLINGNOTESSHOOKFROMTHEBARRELORGAN,ROUND,BRIGHTNOTES,CARELESSLYSCATTEREDHERE,THEFULLCHEERYNOTESOFTHEBARRELORGANARELIKENEDTOTHECHERRYSOUNDOFWATERFROMAFOUNTAIN,BUBBLINGOUTORFALLINGINASPRAYINCHINESEMETAPHOR
21、,十个被鲜血浸泡的手指头肿得变成了大熊掌,HERETHEPALMOFBEARISTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTENFINGERSSOAKEDINBLOODABOUTILLUMINATIVE,INENGLISH嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）13METAPHOR,THETREEOFLIBERTYMUSTBEREFRESHEDFROMTIMETOTIMEWITHTHEBLOODOFPATRIOTSANDTYRANTSITISITSNATURALMANURETHESUGGESTIONHEREISTHATLIBERTYCANNOTBEACHIEVEDORDEFENDEDWITHOUTBLOODBLO
22、ODNURTURESLIBERTYINCHINESEMETAPHOR,她是夜明珠，暗夜里，放射出灿烂的光芒；死，消灭不了她，她是太阳，离开了地平线，却闪耀在天上。HERE,“放射出灿烂的光芒”ISTHEEXPLANATIONOF“夜明珠”ABOUTILLUSTRATIVE,INENGLISHMETAPHOR,ALLTHEWORLDSASTAGE,ANDALLTHEMENANDWOMENMERELYPLAYERSTHEYHAVETHEIREXITSANDTHEIRENTRANCES,ANDONEMANINHISTIMEPLAYERSMANYPARTS,HISACTSBEINGSEVENAGEST
23、HEBASICCOMPARISONHEREISBETWEENTHEWORLDANDSTAGEINCHINESEMETAPHOR,何等动人的一页又一页篇章这是人类思维的花朵HERE,THEFLOWERISTOREFERTOTHEINTELLIGENCE,ITSAILLUSTRATION”CUIHUAFENG,180182WHATSMORE,CHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORSMAYUSETHESAMETENDENCYVEHICLETODESCRIBEONEKINDOFTHINGFOREXAMPLE,INENGLISH,METAPHORSABOUTHAPPINES
24、SMAYRELATEWITHTHEWORDSOFTIMEANDPLACE,ANDUSUALLY,THESEWORDSAREUPWARDSHAPPINESSISUPATTHESAMETIME,CHINESEMETAPHORSHAVETHISTENDENCY,TOOFOREXAMPLE,“他正在兴头上”,THISSIMILARITYNARROWEDTHEDIFFICULTYOFTRANSLATINGENGLISHMETAPHORSINTOCHINESEJIAXUCHEN,150152122THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHOR
25、SHOWEVER,THEREAREALOTOFDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORSINCHINESE,THEEXPRESSIONOFMETAPHORIS“A是B”,THEMETAPHORISAKINDOFPARABLE，USINGONETHINGTOREFERRINGTOANOTHERTHINGINOTHERWORDS,METAPHORISTHEPSYCHOLOGICAL,LINGUALANDCULTURALBEHAVIOUROFSENSING,EXPERIENCING,IMAGINING,UNDERSTANDINGANDD
26、ISCUSSINGONEKINDOFTHINGUNDERTHEIMPLICATIONOFANOTHERKINDOFTHINGHOWEVER,ENGLISHMETAPHORSCOVERMUCHMOREFIELDSTHANCHINESEMETAPHORSCHINESEMETAPHORISMOREABOUTAFIGUREOFSPEECHWHILEENGLISHMETAPHORBEARSMOREANDTHEVEHICLEINCHINESEMETAPHORSANDENGLISHMETAPHORSMAYHAVEDIFFERENCES,TOOTHESAMEVEHICLEMAYHAVEDIFFERENTMEA
27、NINGSINDIFFERENTLANGUAGES,ANDASAMEMEANINGVEHICLEMAYUSEDIFFERENTTHINGSTOEXPRESSFOREXAMPLE,INANCIENTCHINA,PEOPLETHINKTHERAINBOWLOOKEDVERYMUCHLIKE”虫”OR”蛇”，SOWECALLIT“虹”WHILEINTHEENGLISHSVIEW,THEYTHINKITLOOKEDLIKEABENTBOW,SOCOMBINEDWITHTHERAIN,THEYCALLIT“RAINBOW”GUANGMINGZHANG,59WHATSMORE,INCHINESE,“酸”O
28、FTENMEANSODDANDENVY,WHENAPERSONSENVIEDTHEOTHER嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）14ONE,WEMAYSAY“我们闻到了酸味”INENGLISH,THEYMAYSAY“ASOURFACE”,WHILEITDOESNTMEAN“一副酸溜溜的脸”,ITMEANSSOMEONESNOTHAPPYORISANGRYANOTHERFACTOR,CULTUREMAYINFLUENCETHEATTITUDESORTHEVIEWSOFPEOPLECHINESENATIONANDENGLISHNATIONAREQUITEDIFFERENTNATIONS,EACHNATI
29、ONHASITSOWNUNIQUECULTUREANDTHECHOOSINGOFVEHICLESMAY,INALARGEEXTENT,BEINFLUENCEDBYCULTURESOMETIMESTHEREMAYHAVEGREATCONFLICTSBECAUSEOFCULTUREFOREXAMPLE,THERESACHINESEPROVERB“狗咬狗”TOREFERTOTHECONFLICTSORFIGHTSBETWEENBADEGGSBECAUSEOFTHATINCHINESECUSTOMS,ESPECIALLYANCIENTCHINESECUSTOMS,WEVIEWDOGSASENEMIES
30、HOWEVER,INENGLISHCULTURE,THEYTREATDOGSASTHEIRLOYALFRIENDS,SOTHEYWONTUSESUCHEXPRESSIONINENGLISH,“DOGEATDOG”HASTHEDIFFERENTEMOTIONALFEELINGABOUTITITMEANSMERCILESSWARORTHECOMPETITIONOFSPORTSOROTHERSGUANGMINGZHANG,60ASFORTHESE,WECONCLUDESOMEMETHODSOFTHETRANSLATIONOFMETAPHOR2METHODSOFTHETRANSLATIONOFMETA
31、PHORINSHAKESPEARESPLAYSMETAPHORSHAVEALOTOFADVANTAGESITGAVECHARMANDDISTINCTIONTOOUREXPRESSION,ANDGAVECLEARNESSANDLIVELINESSTOTHEEXPRESSIONOFOURTHOUGHTSITCANAPPEALTHEREADERSIMAGINATION,TODESCRIBETHINGSMOREVIVIDLYANDACCURATELYANDTOILLUSTRATETHEREASONSTHOROUGH,SOINSHAKESPEARESPLAYS,HEADOPTEDLOTSOFMETAPH
32、ORS,ANDTHEREAREALSOLARGEAMOUNTSOFDIFFERENTTRANSLATIONFORUSTODISCUSSANDLEARNTHROUGHTHERESEARCHOFTHESEVERSIONS,MAYBEWEWILLHAVEMOREENLIGHTENMENTABOUTTHETRANSLATIONOFMETAPHORSSO,NEXTWEWILLDISCUSSSOMEMETHODSTHROUGHTHECOMPARISONBETWEENDIFFERENTTRANSLATIONVERSIONSOFSHAKESPEARESPLAYS21LITERALTRANSLATIONACCO
33、RDINGTOENCYCLOPEDIA,LITERALTRANSLATION,ALSOKNOWNINEVERYDAYUSAGEASDIRECTTRANSLATION,DENOTESTHERENDERINGOFTEXTFROMONELANGUAGETOANOTHER“WORDFORWORD”ITISTOREPRODUCETHEORIGINALMEANINGBYKEEPINGTHELINGUISTICFORMASPOSSIBLEASONECANTHELINGUISTICFORMINCLUDESWORDCHOICE,SENTENCESTRUCTURE,ANDFIGURESOFSPEECHLITERA
34、LTRANSLATIONCANHELPKEEPTHEORIGINALWAYOFEXPRESSIONANDTHEORIGINALIMAGESWHENUSINGLITERALTRANSLATION,WEMUSTRETAINTHECONCEPTUALMEANING,THEORIGINALSUBJECTPREDICATESTRUCTURES,ANDTHEORIGINALFORMOFFIGURATIVELANGUAGE,嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）15THEORIGINALWORDORDERTOTHEGREATESTEXTENTANDTOCONVEYTHEORIGINALMEANINGASAWHOLE
35、ASWELIVEINTHESAMEWORLD,WEMUSTEXPERIENCESAMETHINGS,SOWEMAYHAVESIMILARCULTURALCUSTOMSANDEQUIVALENTEXPRESSIONOFWORDSINTHESEASPECTS,WECANTRANSLATEMETAPHORSLITERALLY1QUEENTHOUKNOWSTTISCOMMONALLTHATLIVEMUSTDIE,PASSINGTHROUGHNATURETOETERNITYHAMLET,ACT1,SCENE2“你要知道这是一件平常事；有生即有死，经过尘世以达于永恒。”哈姆莱特，梁实秋译，35HERE,S
36、HAKESPEARELIKENEDDEATHTOETERNITYANDLIANGSHIQIUSTRANSLATIONAIMSATACHIEVETHEGOALOFBEINGFAITHFULTOTHEORIGINALTEXT,INMYVIEW,HEACHIEVETOPRESERVETHEORIGINALFORMANDLEAVETHEIMAGINATIONTOTHEREADERSTHEMSELVES2JAQUESALLTHEWORLDSASTAGEANDALLTHEMENANDWOMENMERELYPLAYERSTHEYHAVETHEIREXITSANDTHEIRENTRANCES,ANDONEMA
37、NINHISTIMEPLAYSMANYPARTS,HISACTSBEINGSEVENAGESASYOULIKEIT,ACT2,SCENE7杰奎斯全世界是一个舞台，所有的男男女女不过是一些演员；他们都有下场的时候。一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色，他的表演可以分为七个时期。皆大欢喜，梁实秋译，74HERE,SHAKESPEARELIKENED“ALLTHEWORLD”TO“STAGE”,“ALLTHEMENANDWOMEN”TO“PLAYERS”,ANDEVERYONESSEVENLIFEPERIODSTO“SEVENAGES”THETRANSLATIONHERE,TRANSLATEITLITER
38、ALLY,ALMOSTTRANSLATEWORDFORWORDTHISMAKESUSGOINTOAOVERALLANDSUSTAINABLEMETAPHORSCENEANDGIVEUSASENSEOFFITNESSHERE,LIANGCONSIDERSALOTABOUTTHEREADERSEXPECTATIONSANDEMPLOYSTHISTRANSLATIONSTRATEGYTOSERVETHEMBETTERSOASTOACHIEVEHISTRANSLATIONPURPOSE22LIBERALTRANSLATIONLIBERALTRANSLATIONISTOTRANSLATECONTEXTS
39、ACCORDINGTHEAPPROXIMATEMEANINGOFTHESOURCECONTEXT,NOTTRANSLATEONELANGUAGETOANOTHER“WORDFORWORD”ITISTOREPRODUCETHEORIGINALMEANINGWITHOUTKEEPINGTHELANGUAGEFORMITSPURPOSEISTOBETTERANDMOREFAITHFULLYCONVEYTHEORIGINALMEANINGINTHETARGETLANGUAGELIBERALTRANSLATIONAIMSATTHEAUTHORSINTENDEDMEANING,NOTTHECONCEPTU
40、ALMEANINGITUSUALLYNEGLECTSTHEORIGINALWAYOFEXPRESSION,THEORIGINALFIGUREOFSPEECHANDTHE嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）16ORIGINALGRAMMATICALSTRUCTURE“ITISUSUALLYAPPLIEDWHENTHESOURCELANGUAGEANDTHETARGETLANGUAGEHAVEHUGECULTURALDIFFERENCESFROMTHEVIEWOFCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATINGANDCULTUREEXCHANGING,LIBERALTRANSLATIONSTRESS
41、THEINDEPENDENCEOFTARGETLANGUAGESYSTEMANDSOURCELANGUAGESYSTEMTHEUSINGOFLIBERALTRANSLATIONREPRESENTSTHENATIONALLINGUALCHARACTERISTICSOFECOLOGICALCULTURE,LINGUALCULTURE,RELIGIOUSCULTURE,MATERIALCULTUREANDSOCIALCULTUREINDIFFERENTNATIONS”HTTP/BAIKEBAIDUCOM/VIEW/295410HTMSOWHENTHECULTUREOFTWOLANGUAGESCLAS
42、HES,ANDONEVEHICLEINTHISLANGUAGEMEANSDIFFERENTINTHATLANGUAGE,THISTIME,WESHOULDUSELIBERALTRANSLATIONLIBERALTRANSLATIONCONTAINSBORROWINGWORDS,RESTRUCTURING,ADDITION,CONVERSION,NEGATION,OMISSION,TURNINGPASSIVEVOICEINTOACTIVEVOICEANDSOONHERE,WEJUSTPICKTHESOMEOFTHEMTODISCUSSTHETRANSLATIONOFMETAPHOR221BORR
43、OWINGWORDSINSOMEOCCASIONS,THEVEHICLEINTHESOURCELANGUAGEMEANSDIFFERENTWITHTHEOTHERONEINTHETARGETLANGUAGEASIWROTEINTHEINTRODUCTIONPART,WHENTHESAMEVEHICLEMAYHAVEDIFFERENTMEANINGSINDIFFERENTLANGUAGES,ANDASAMEMEANINGVEHICLEMAYUSEDIFFERENTTHINGSTOEXPRESS,WECANUSEBORROWINGWORDSROSENCRANTZSIR,ANAERYOFCHILDR
44、EN,LITTLEEYASES,THATCRYOUTONTHETOPOFQUESTIONHAMLET,ACT2,SCENE2“先生，有一窝的雏鹰般的孩子，尖声锐叫，最受疯狂的欢迎”哈姆莱特，梁实秋译，113“殿下，他们的地位已经被一群羽毛未丰的黄口小儿占夺了去。这些娃娃们的嘶叫博得了台下疯狂的喝彩”哈姆莱特，朱生豪译，111AERYMEANS“高处的巢,高处的房子或城堡”,WHILEINTHISSENTENCEITDOESNTMEANTHAT,SOTHETRANSLATORSUSEDSOMEOTHERIMAGEWHICHISPOPULARWITHUSCHINESETOEXPRESSTHIS,T
45、HISTRANSLATIONMETTHENEEDSOFTHETARGETREADERS222RESTRUCTURINGRESTRUCTURINGREFERSTOTHEREARRANGEMENTOFTHEWORDORDERORSENTENCESTRUCTUREOFTHEORIGINALTEXTANDLOGICALORDERINTHETARGETLANGUAGECHINESEANDENGLISHMAYHAVEDIFFERENTWORDORDER,DIFFERENTPOSITIONSOFATTRIBUTIVEPHRASESANDCLAUSES,ADVERBIALOFTIMEANDPLACE,DIFF
46、ERENTORDEROFTIME,CAUSEANDEFFECT,CONDITIONAND嘉兴学院本科生毕业论文（设计）17RESULT，EXPLANATIONANDCONCLUSIONINTHISCONDITION,INORDERTOTRANSLATEBETTER,WEUSUALLYREPRODUCETHEORIGINALMEANINGWITHOUTKEEPINGTHELANGUAGEFORMWHENTRANSLATING,WESHOULDFIRSTLYFINDOUTWHATTHEPRIMARYISANDWHATTHESECONDARYISOFCONTEXTUALMEANING,SECONDL
47、YFINDOUTTHELOGICALRELATIONSHIPINTHEMEANINGTHENWECANTRANSLATE,ACCORDINGTOTHELOGICALRELATIONSHIPTOCHOOSETHESENTENCESTRUCTUREFINALLY,DECIDETHEORDEROFEACHPART1FORHAMLET,ANDTHETRIFLINGOFHISFAVOR,HOLDITAFASHION,ANDATOYINBLOOD,AVIOLENTINTHEYOUTHOFPRIMARYNATURE,FORWARD,NOTPERMANENT,SWEET,NOTLASTING,THEPERFU
48、MEANDSUPPLIANCEOFAMINUTE,NOMOREHAMLET,ACT1,SCENE3,“对于哈姆莱特和他的调情献媚，你必须把它认作年轻人一时的感情冲动，一朵初春的紫罗兰早熟而易凋，馥郁而不能持久，一分钟的芬芳和喜悦，如此而已。”（哈姆莱特，朱生豪译，41“至于哈姆雷特和他献的小殷勤，只可当作一时的高兴，逢场作戏，这只是早春时节的一朵紫罗兰，开的早，可是不能长，气味香，可是不能久，色香只可供一刹那的玩赏；如此而已。”哈姆莱特，梁实秋译，49THESETWOVERSIONSOFTRANSLATIONADOPTEDTHEMETHODSOFRESTRUCTURINGBYRESTRUCTU
49、RING,THEYCANTRANSFERMUCHDIRECTERINFORMATIONTOUSREADERSHERE,THEORIGINALORDERISVERYHARDFORREADERSTOUNDERSTANDANDISNOTKNOWNACQUAINTANCEWELLFORUSCHINESESOTHETRANSLATORSCARESOURNEEDSANDSOMEOTHERASPECTS,THEYRESTRUCTURETHEWORDORDERANDSUCCESSFULLYTRANSLATETHEENGLISHMETAPHORINTOCHINESETHEREARELITTLEDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHETWOVERSIONS,JUSTSOMEDIFFERENTCHOOSINGOFWORDS,ITHINKBOTHAREGOOD,WHILE,THELASTSENTENCE,INLIANGSVERSION,“色香只可供一刹那的玩赏”,ITISTRANSLATEDLIBERALLY,HOWEVER,INZHUSTRANSLATION,HETRANSLATEITLITERALLYAS“一分钟的芬芳和喜悦”,FROMMYPERSONALVIEW,IPREFERTHELIBERALONE,BECAUSEITHINK
